For Jacques Lévy from the Ecole Polytechnique in Lausanne, the map of the Le Pen vote almost mirrors that of the “no” vote in the 1992 referendum on the Maastricht treaty and Mr Macron’s mirrors the “yes” vote, which just won the day.
Despite Mr Macron’s plans to “relaunch” the EU, the combined scores of staunch Eurosceptics Ms Le Pen, Mr Mélenchon and nationalist Nicolas Dupont-Aignan add up to around 46 percent of the vote.