NBC News offentliggjorde sist mandag et 16 siders skriv der det amerikanske justisdepartementet beskrev det juridiske grunnlaget for at presidenten kan avgjøre når det er påkrevet å ta ut en amerikansk borger. Han eller hun må utgjøre en trussel mot USA og må være utenfor mulighet for pågripelse.
Det 16 siders dokumentet er udatert, det er ikke identisk med det legale grunnlaget som justisdepartementets lovavdeling utarbeidet da Anwar al-Awlaki ble drept i Jemen i september 2011. Men det skal være identisk med et resyme som Kongressen fikk oversendt.
En ting er at USA tar ut terrorister, noe annet er hvis de er amerikanske borgere. At presidenten på egen hånd skal kunne bestemme over liv og død, bekymrer og skurrer for en del amerikanere. De føler at det bryter med grunnlovens krav om «due process».
Krtikere ønsker at det skal opprettes en spesialdomstol som må godkjenne hvert enkelt tilfelle av slike elimineringer, spesielt når det gjelder amerikanere. Andre ønsker det for droneangrep generelt. Dette motsetter Obama-administrasjonen seg. De ønsker ikke innblanding.
Kritikerne vil nok finne ammunisjon i memoet, hvor det fremgår at den nær forestående trusselen ikke trenger være pågående, dvs. under aktiv planlegging.
It adopts an elastic definition of an “imminent” threat, saying it is not necessary for a specific attack to be in process when a target is found if the target is generally engaged in terrorist activities aimed at the United States. And it asserts that courts should not play a role in reviewing or restraining such decisions.
The white paper states that “judicial enforcement of such orders would require the court to supervise inherently predictive judgments by the president and his national security advisers as to when and how to use force against a member of an enemy force against which Congress has authorized the use of force.”
It also fills in many blanks in a series of speeches by members of the Obama legal team about the use of force in targeted killings, including remarks by Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. at Northwestern’s law school in March. He asserted that the Constitution’s guarantee of “due process” before the government takes a life does not necessarily mean “judicial process” in national security situations, but offered little specific legal analysis.
For borgerretts-NGO’en, American Civil Liberties Union, er memoet et bevis på at Obama har gått langt over streken.
Hina Shamsi, director of the American Civil Liberties Union’s National Security Project, called the paper “a profoundly disturbing document,” and said: “It’s hard to believe that it was produced in a democracy built on a system of checks and balances. It summarizes in cold legal terms a stunning overreach of executive authority — the claimed power to declare Americans a threat and kill them far from a recognized battlefield and without any judicial involvement.”
Memo Cites Legal Basis for Killing U.S. Citizens in Al Qaeda